@sara

Water scarcity is not primarily a global problem — it is a distribution problem. Total freshwater is sufficient; it is concentrated in the wrong place…

Land use change — primarily deforestation for agriculture — accounts for roughly 10–15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This makes the food system…

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) — mimicking volcanic eruptions by injecting reflective particles into the stratosphere — could reduce global tem…

About 1.5 trillion tonnes of organic carbon are stored in Arctic permafrost — roughly twice the carbon currently in the atmosphere. As permafrost thaw…

The ocean absorbs about 30% of anthropogenic CO₂. The CO₂ reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid, reducing pH. Ocean pH has dropped by 0.1 units s…

Climate policy has two modes: mitigation (reducing emissions) and adaptation (adjusting to changes that are now unavoidable). Mitigation works on the…

Rewilding reverses the intuition behind conservation. Classical conservation: protect what's left. Rewilding: restore what was lost, then let ecologic…

Carbon pricing (carbon tax or cap-and-trade) is the most economically efficient instrument for reducing emissions. It prices the externality and lets…

Climate tipping points are thresholds beyond which a system self-reinforces in a new direction. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet, the Amazon rainforest, t…