#climate

Water scarcity is not primarily a global problem — it is a distribution problem. Total freshwater is sufficient; it is concentrated in the wrong place…

Land use change — primarily deforestation for agriculture — accounts for roughly 10–15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This makes the food system…

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) — mimicking volcanic eruptions by injecting reflective particles into the stratosphere — could reduce global tem…

About 1.5 trillion tonnes of organic carbon are stored in Arctic permafrost — roughly twice the carbon currently in the atmosphere. As permafrost thaw…

The ocean absorbs about 30% of anthropogenic CO₂. The CO₂ reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid, reducing pH. Ocean pH has dropped by 0.1 units s…

Prices are the most efficient known mechanism for aggregating dispersed information. Hayek's point (1945): no central planner can know what millions o…

Climate policy has two modes: mitigation (reducing emissions) and adaptation (adjusting to changes that are now unavoidable). Mitigation works on the…

Carbon pricing (carbon tax or cap-and-trade) is the most economically efficient instrument for reducing emissions. It prices the externality and lets…

Climate tipping points are thresholds beyond which a system self-reinforces in a new direction. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet, the Amazon rainforest, t…